绿洲夏季鸟类群落特征研究

Study on the Characteristics of Summer Bird Communities in Oasis

2008年6月～2009年8月,采用样带法和样点法对新疆奎屯绿洲10类生境的鸟类群落结构进行了调查,共记录到鸟类145种,隶属于17目40科.其中有古北型124种、广布型21种;古北型中有北方型种类59种,北方广布型38种、中亚型26种,高地型1种.树麻雀、棕尾伯劳、白鹡鸰、家燕、红隼等21种鸟的重要性值均大于25,为绿洲鸟类中重要种类,其中列名的五种鸟类相对密度均大于5%,为绿洲鸟类群落建群种.灰鹡鸰、欧夜鹰、新疆歌鸲、凤头百灵等18种鸟的重要性值介于15～25之间,为绿洲夏季鸟类群落的较重要种类.相似性比较分析及聚类分析结果显示:绿洲鸟类群落主要有三种类型,两种湿地生境聚为一类,即湿地鸟类群落;城市、乡镇、居民点生境、早垦农作区、周边荒漠等生境的鸟类聚为一类,为林地鸟类群落;新垦农作区、农作区间荒漠和弃耕地生境为荒漠鸟类群落.

The bird surveys were carried out with the methods of fixed sample plots and line transects in KUITUN oasis, XingJiang, China during the period from June 2008 to August 2009. The summer bird community structure in 10 typical habitats were investigated. In the survey area 145 bird species in 40 families and 17 orders were recorded totally, including 124 species of Palaearctic region, 21 species of Cosmopolitan. Among Palaearctic region, 59 species of northern type, 38 species of northern widespread type, 26 species of central Asia type,1 species of upland type. The 21 speices birds which importance value were greater than 25 including tree sparrow, rufous-tailed shrike, white wagtail were the dominant species in KuiTum oasis. Among them, the 5species＇s admantage were more significant. The 18 species were suboptimal population which importance value were between 15-25. the result by similarity comparison and clustering annlysis showed that the bird community in oasis was minly divided into three types： Wetland bird community, woodland bird community and desert bird community.