不同碘缺乏病健康教育模式效果评价

Effects from two different models on iodine deficiency disorders knowledge,belief and behavior in rural areas

目的 研究“家庭妇女—家庭—社区”健康教育模式和“学生—家庭—社区”健康教育模式对农村地区不同人群碘缺乏病 (IDD)防治知识、信念和行为变化的效果。方法 在苏北涟水县农村选择调查点、对照点 ,分别按照不同健教模式于干预前及 1个月后随机调查 3个村 330户居民和村办小学 5年级学生 ,采用入户问卷和集体问卷调查 ,入户作碘盐保存情况记录。结果 实施“家庭妇女—家庭—社区”模式后 ,居民 IDD知识及格率由10 .1%上升到 73.9% ,5年级学生知晓率由 75 .3%上升到 90 .7% ,2 0～ 5 0岁妇女知晓率由 10 .0 %上升到 70 .6 % ;实施“学生—家庭—社区”模式后 ,居民 IDD知识及格率由 5 .4%上升到 5 2 .4% ,5年级学生知晓率由 77.7%上升到88.0 % ,2 0～ 5 0岁妇女知晓率由 16 .0 %上升到 5 0 .0 % ;另外 ,居民对防治观念及其对使用和保存碘盐的行为 ,妇女模式较学生模式效果明显。对照点变化不明显。结论 2种模式均能使居民对 IDD的知、信、行方面获得改变 ,但“家庭妇女—家庭—社区”模式效果比“学生—家庭—社区”模式效果显著。

Objective To compare effects of two health education models:'housewife-fimily-community'(HFC) and 'pupil-family-community' (PFC) on iodine deficiency disorders (IDD).Methods Household survey was conducted among 330 adult inhabitants aged 14~65 years old and the 5th grade pupils at baseline and 1 month after implementation of health education program.Data on salt iodine content by rapid test kits and titration,salt storage was also collected.Results Following HFC,the rate of IDD knowedge acquisition rose from 10.1% to 73.9%,while the rate in PFC group rate of 5 grade increased from 5.4% to 52.4%.A higher proportion of inhabitant knowing the benefit of using iodized salt and how to use iodize salt correctly during cooking was found among HFC group.Conclusions HFC models has a better effect on IDD knowledge,belief and hehavior than PFC model in rural areas.