地方普通话方言变项的使用和扩散——以福建永安普通话“来去”句的调查分析为例

The Use and Diffusion of Dialect Variables in Local Mandarin: a Case Study of the Usage of "Lai-Qu(来去)" attern in Yong'an Mandarin

本文以福建永安普通话"来去"句的调查分析为例,分析地方普通话方言变项使用和扩散的特点及影响因素。受方言影响形成的"来去"句在永安人的普通话中使用率较高,但其使用受当地汉语方言、职业、文化程度等因素的制约,且表现出性别和年龄差异。分析表明,"同中有异"是方言变项进入地方普通话的语义基础,"异中有同"是保证其使用、扩散的内部机制;当地人对方言变项的认同是促使其使用和传播的社会力量;语言态度是影响方言变项使用和扩散的心理因素。

With the investigation of the usage of ＂Lai-Qu＂ pattern in Yong＇an Mandarin in Fujian Province as a case, we analyzed factors of the use and diffusion of dialect variables in local Mandarin. The results showed that ＂Lai-Qu＂ pattern formed and influenced by Yong＇an dialect is prevalent in Yong＇an Mandarin. The use of ＂Lai-Qu＂ pattern is affected by the proficiency of local dialect, occupation, educational background, gender, and age of the users. Through the analysis of our case, some possible mechanisms can be concluded. On one hand, differences among the similarity are the semantic basis for dialect variables to enter local Mandarin, while the similarity among the differences ensures the internal mechanisms of using and spreading the variables. On the other hand, the local identity to the dialect variables and the positive language attitude are two key factors which push the use and diffusion of the dialect variables.