基于成本-收益分析的逆向供应链网络演化机制分析

Network Evolutionary Mechanism of Reverse Supply Chain Based on Cost-benefit Analysis

不同于发达国家TPT(第三方回收)的逆向供应链模式,我国逆向供应链具有无标度网络特征,其中大多数逆向供应链下游企业是走街串巷的个体商贩及其家庭作坊。本文提出基于成本-收益分析的我国逆向供应链网络演化机制。其中,废品回收站点需要支付固定的生产场所租金和投资购买专业生产设备,该固定成本可以在回收废品数量中均摊。当回收站点选择下游家庭作坊(或流动商贩)的最优数量时,将依据成本-收益分析获得最大化利益。最后,广东清远市电子产品废弃物回收网络的案例,以及NetLogo平台下数值仿真结果,较好地验证了理论分析结果。

Reverse supply chain appears as an effective way to reduce cost for an enterprise and cope with changes to the current environment, such as fierce global competition, shortening product life cycle and reduced company profit. The existing literatures are mainly related to the optimal design of reverse supply chain network in developed countries. There are limited literatures about the evolutionary mechanism of reverse supply chain network in China. The research provides the evolutionary mechanism of Chinese reverse supply chain based on cost-benefit analysis. Firstly, the paper summarizes free-scale network characteristics of Chinese reverse supply chains. TPT （Third Party Take-Back） is the main recycling model with the relatively simple network structure even though the large-scale transnational corporation engages in waste recycling processing services. Most recycling enterprises in China are ambulant paekmen going from door to door and through their family workshops. Reverse supply chain network in China is composed of various components, such as ＂resident consumer - dispersive recycling station - manufacturer＂, which has the Growth and Preferential Attachment characteristics of BA free-scale network. Secondly, the paper proposes an evolutionary mechanism of reverse supply chain networks driven by cost-benefit analysis in China. Recycling station is in the crucial position in the network structure of reverse supply chain, which connects with numerous downstream packmen or their family workshops, and upstream manufacturers. Recycling station should pay the fixed cost including the rent of working site and equipment expense, which can be shared equally among every downstream family workshop. To maximize profit, recycling station conducts cost-benefit analysis to identify appropriate business scope of the radiation; that is, the number of downstream family workshops. Only if the number of downstream family workshops has reached a certain scale can a certain level of industrial gathered effect be formed, as well as the profit of upstream recycling stations and manufacturers be obtained. Thirdly, the practical data affirm theoretically analytical outcomes based on our case analysis of recycle network of EOL electronic products in Longtang Town, Qingyuan City and simulation analysis on the Netlogo platform,. The case analysis shows that every recycling station of EOL electronic products at least connects with one or two family workshops in close proximity. Simulation analysis results show that the critical scope of reverse supply chain network includes 1001 nodes, and the degree of distribution is 84. In summary, Most of downstream enterprises in Chinese reverse supply chain network are packmen and their family workshops. The paper proposes an evolutionary mechanism of reverse supply chain that recycling station can use to optimize the number of downstream family workshops based cost-benefit analysis.