脑卒中患者出院准备度和出院后可利用资源调查研究

An investigation on the discharge readiness and available resources after discharge of stoke patients

目的:了解脑卒中患者出院时的一般状况、出院准备度及出院后可利用的资源情况。方法:采用自设一般情况调查表、出院准备度调查表、出院后可利用资源调查表对患者进行调查。结果:共纳入研究对象61例,年龄中位数为70岁,平均服药种类为4.21种,ESSEN评分在3分及其以上者45例(78.95%),Barthel指数评分在60分及其以下者13例(21.31%);出院准备度调查中,照顾维度平均得分(4.44分)大于4分,其余各维度均小于4分;65岁及其以上的老年人中,独居者有15人(41.67%);55位家庭附近有社区卫生机构的患者中,30位(54.55%)认为自己不会到社区卫生机构就诊,主要原因是不相信其技术。结论:脑卒中患者年龄大、服药种类多、危险因素多、复发风险高;患者出院准备不足,在出院时存在未被满足的卫生服务需求,且出院后可利用的资源不足。应关注脑卒中患者出院后的卫生服务需求,拓展护理工作领域,向社区和家庭延伸。

Objective： To understand the stroke patient＇s general condition, discharge readiness and resources patients can take advantage of after discharge. Methods： Self-designed questionnaires including general condition questionnaire, discharge readiness questionnaire and the resources patients can take advantage of questionnaire were used. Results： Totally 61 cases were included. The median age was 70 years old. The average types of medication patients took was 4.21 kinds. ESSEN score of 45 cases （78.95%） were 3 points and more. The Barthel index score of 13 cases （21.31%） were 60 points or less. In the discharge readiness survey, only one dimension score （4.44）-whether care received can meet the needs of patients-was higher than 4 points. Scores of other dimensions were lower than 4. Among the patients who were 65 years of age or older （36 patients）, 15 patients （41.67%） were living alone. Fifty-five patients reported there were community health institutions near their families, while 30 patients （54.55%） considered they would not go to community health agencies to see a doctor. The main reason was they didn＇t trust their technology. Conclusion： Stroke patients had to take many kinds of medications. They had many risk factors and high recurrence risk. They were not fully prepared at discharge and still had health needs that were not met. They face a lack of resources available after discharge. We should pay attention to the needs of stroke patients after discharge and expand the field of nursing to the communities and families.