农村垃圾蚯蚓堆肥中优势菌群研究

Study on Dominant Species During Vermicomposting of Rural Garbage

对含牛粪、玉米秸秆、废菜叶和废纸的农村垃圾进行堆肥实验,实验分为预堆腐和蚯蚓处理2个阶段。预堆腐以EM(Effective Microorganisms)原液和有机物料腐熟剂(FU)为促腐剂,预堆腐结束后,堆料继续进行蚯蚓处理。利用聚合酶链反应与变性梯度凝胶电泳联用技术(PCR-DGGE)分析了对照组(CK)及适合蚯蚓生长繁殖的4‰FU和5‰EM组蚯蚓处理前后细菌和真菌群落中的优势菌群。结果表明:在4‰FU组、5‰EM组和CK组的细菌群落中均存在且占有优势的种群与藤黄单胞菌属和梭状芽孢杆菌属具有较高的亲缘性;在5‰EM组出现的占优势的真菌种群与轮枝孢属具有较高的亲缘性,在CK组中出现的占优势的真菌种群与镰孢菌属和曲霉属具有较高的亲缘性。

In this experiment, rural garbage, which contains cow dung, corn stalks, vegetable leaves and waste paper were used as experimental materials for composting. The whole process was divided into two stages, namely pre-composting and earthworms composting. Effective microorganisms （EM） solution and organic materials compost promoter （FU） were applied as the transformation promoters during the pre- composting. Afterward, the pre-composting products were used as experimental materials for earthworms composting. The dominant species in bacteria and fungi community of the control group （CK）, along with group 4 FU and group 5 EM, which were more suitable for the growth and propagation of the earthworms were analyzed with the application of polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel eleetrophore- sis （PCR-DGGE）. It could be concluded that the more advantaged population in the bacteria community of all three groups above had close affinity with Luteimonas and Clostridium, while the more advantaged population in the fungi community of group 5 EM had close affinity to Verticillium, and in group CK, it had close affinity with Fusarium and Aspergillus.