河流型饮用水源地保护区划分敏感水质指标确定——以晋江流域为例

IDENTIFICATION OF SENSITIVE WATER QUALITY INDEX FOR PROTECTION AREA CLASSIFICATION OF RIVER-STYLE DRINKING WATER SOURCE AREA: CASE OF JINJIANG RIVER BASIN

晋江水系是泉州市的主要饮用水水源,流域水资源环境压力与经济社会发展的矛盾突出.以晋江流域为例开展河流型饮用水源地保护区划分对保障饮用水安全具有重要示范意义,而河流敏感水质指标确定是保护区划分的重要基础.为了合理选取水质指标,使保护区划分具有针对性,本研究将敏感水质指标划分为超标、有毒有害、后期超标风险较大、季节变异较大等4类污染,并分别采用水质评价、健康风险评价模型、spearman轶相关系数、统计分析等方法对晋江流域河流型饮用水源地敏感水质指标进行了确定.结果表明,流域主要超标污染物为氨氮、总磷、铁和锰;化学致癌物致癌风险水平砷大于镉大于六价铬,非致癌污染物的风险最大为氟化物,化学致癌物所致的健康风险大于非致癌物;硫酸盐的质量浓度随着时间有明显的上升趋势,而溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、总磷、氨氮、挥发酚等质量浓度呈上升趋势,但不明显;铜、铁、挥发酚、氨氮、锰和砷6种污染物质量浓度变异较大.

Four types of sensitive water quality index for river-style drinking water source area and their screening technologies were proposed The index included super scale pollutants, toxic pollutants, pollutants with great risk and coefficient of variation. Water quality evaluation, health risk assessment, Spearman correlation coefficient analysis and statistical analysis were used to select the sensitive index for the Jinjiang River basin. Ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, Fe and Mn were the main super scale pollutants. Toxic pollutants risks were As〉Cd〉Cr^6＋ , chemical carcinogen could induce greater health risks than non-carcinogen pollutants. Sulfate concentration had a clearly increasing trend, DO concentration, CODMn, total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen were on slight increase. Cu, Fe, volatile phenol, ammonia nitrogen, Mn and As varied greatly in different months of the year.