呼伦湖自然保护区土地利用及景观格局变化研究

CHANGES IN LAND USE AND LANDSCAPE PATTERN IN HULUN LAKE NATURE RESERVE

在遥感数据的支持下,运用Markov模型和景观生态学的分析方法,对呼伦湖自然保护区1999—2007年土地利用类型的时空变化特征及景观格局变化进行了系统的定量分析.结果表明:1999—2007年期间,呼伦湖自然保护区土地利用类型发生了较大变化,表现为草原退化、水域面积萎缩、土地沙化面积增加等.通过分析该期间内各土地利用类型的面积变化与呼伦湖水位的历史数据发现高覆盖草地、低覆盖草地、沙地、水体类型面积的变化与呼伦湖水位存在明显的相关关系.景观空间的连续性变好,景观的形状都向着简单化和稳定性方向发展.景观指数计算结果说明,呼伦湖自然保护区内景观形状趋于规则,小斑块数量有所减少,破碎化程度降低,各类型景观分布有成片趋势.人类活动的干扰是保护区内土地利用和景观格局发生变化的主要驱动力.

Land use and landscape change dynamics in Hulun Lake Nature Reserve were analyzed, using remote sensing images, Markov models and landscape ecology theory. It was found that that land use in Hulun lake nature reserve changed greatly from 1999 to 2007. Grassland degradation, diminished water area, land desertification have now become serious problems. Correlation between Hulun lake water level change variation of the high coverage grassland, low coverage grassland, water area, and sandy land was found. The continuity of each landscape became better. The shape of landscape classification was getting simpler and more stable. Landscape shape became regular, the number of small plaques and fragmentation decreased. Each type of landscape distribution becomes more concentrated. forces in land use and landscape pattern change. Human activity and interference have been the main driving