糖基硫酸钠表面活性剂的合成与表征

Synthesis and Characterization of Sugar-based Sulfate Surfactants

利用葡萄糖内酯和不同碳链的系列脂肪胺反应生成糖酰胺,再经三氧化硫硫酸化、碱中和后合成了糖基硫酸酯钠阴离子表面活性剂,利用电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)对所得产品进行了表征.糖酰胺反应的溶剂为乙醇,反应温度为80℃,n(糖内酯)∶n(胺)为1∶(1.1～1.3).糖内酯的酰化反应收率均在90%以上,用三氧化硫硫酸酯化并经氢氧化钠中和后,经过提纯所得硫酸盐的收率在70%以上.糖基硫酸钠表面活性剂的CMC分别为31.4,2.89和0.05 g/L,γCMC分别为35.5,28.71和35.2 mN/m.

A series of sugar-based sulfate anionic surfactants were synthesized from the reaction of gluconolactone with different aliphatic amines to give the sugar amides, and subsequent sulfated with sulfur trioxide and neutralized. The products were characterized with ESI-MS. For the sugar amidation process, the optimized conditions were as the followings： ethanol was as solvent, the reaction temperature was below 80 ℃ , the molar ratio of gluconolactone to amine was 1 ： （ 1. 1 - 1.3 ）. The yields of glucose amides were all above 90% after purification, while the yields sulfation products were about 70%. The critical micellar concentrations of the novel sugar anionic surfactants were 31.4,2.89 and 0.05 g/L and the γcMc were 35.5,28.71 and 35.2 mN/m, respectively.