“意志软弱”给“灵魂不朽”带来的困难

The Difficulty of "Soul Immortal" Caused by "Akrasia"

"意志软弱"和"灵魂不朽"是柏拉图在《理想国》中提出的两种关于人类灵魂的重要学说。尽管它们各自都包含着神话和宗教的元素,但其深刻的哲学内涵却更值得后人研究。然而,这两种本身相互独立的学说是否能够相容?它们所遵循的灵魂三分的原则自身是否包含矛盾?这样的问题两千多年来一直吸引着哲学家们的讨论,直至当下也仍然热度不减。文章就以柏拉图的原著和一些现代学者的讨论为基础,对这个问题给出一个恰当的回答。

＂Akrasia＂ and ＂Soul Immortal＂ are two important theories raised by Plato in his Republic.Although both of them contain some elements of myth and religion,their philosophical themes are still worth to investigate.However,whether the two theories are compatible？ Is there any contradiction in the principle of Tripartition of Soul？ Such questions draw attentions of modern philosophers even after 2,000 years.This paper tries to give a reasonable answer to these questions,according to Plato＇s own works and some scholars＇ discussions.