轮状病毒致腹泻机制的研究进展

Advances of Study on the Pathogenesis of Diarrhea Caused by Rotavirus

轮状病毒(Rotavirus,RV)是发展中国家致5岁内婴幼儿胃肠道感染,引起感染性腹泻的重要原因,每年因此而死亡的病例高达600,000多人。[1]近年来对此的研究也越来越多,但是其引起腹泻的具体病理生理机制始终未达成统一的说法。目前主要是有两种假说,即轮状病毒非结构蛋白4(NSP4)假说和肠道神经系统(ENS)假说。对于轮状病毒腹泻的预防及治疗,现阶段主要是进行减毒活疫苗预防,但其疗效不甚令人满意,并且有可能导致肠梗阻。[2-3]本文将对轮状病毒致婴幼儿腹泻的可能机制及其研究进展进行综述,此外,针对其独特的致病机制将讨论轮状病毒感染可能的预防策略。

The rotavirus is the major cause of gastroenteritis among the children under five years old in developing countries.It is a key factor to lead to infectious diarrhea and 600,000 people die of the disease every year[1].More and more studies were carried on the disease during recent years,but the precise pathophysiologic mechanism of rotavirus diarrhea has not been consistent.There may exist two major hypothesis,the rotavirus non-structure protein 4（NSP4） hypothesis and the enteric nervous system（ENS） hypothesis.As for the therapy and prevention of rotavirus diarrhea,the attenuated live vaccine now is the major way to prevent from rotavirus infection,however,the efficacy is not very satisfactory and it may even lead to intussusception[2,3].This review will summarize the possible pathogenesis and studying advances on the infant diarrhea caused by rotavirus.Besides,we will discuss the possible prevention strategies of rotavirus infection on the basis of its＇ specific pathogenesis.