细胞红蛋白在缺氧性脑损伤中的研究进展

Research Progression of Cytoglobin during Hypoxia Brain Injury

细胞红蛋白(CYGB)是2002年德国科学家Burmester在小鼠和人体内发现的第四种携氧球蛋白,与肌红蛋白(MB),血红蛋白(HB),脑红蛋白(NGB)属于同一家族,是血红素蛋白家族的新成员。它广泛分布于各个组织器官,跟其他携氧蛋白一样具有携氧,贮氧,氧感受器的功能。研究发现其在脑特定区域神经细胞的细胞质和细胞核都有分布,能够受脑缺氧的诱导,体内、外实验均表明其在缺氧情况下表达上调,能增加脑组织对缺氧的耐受能力,抵抗氧化应激所致损伤。缺氧所导致的脑损伤发生率很高,而且此类脑损伤严重影响了人类的健康和生活。所以,对细胞红蛋白进行深入的研究和探讨对于缺氧缺血性脑病,脑卒中,脑肿瘤等缺氧性脑疾病的预防和治疗有重大意义。此综述,通过概括细胞红蛋白的结构,脑内的分布,对缺氧的反应等说明其对缺氧性脑损伤潜在的保护作用。

Cytoglobin（CYGB） is a new member of heme globin family（including myoglobin,hemoglobin and neuroglobin） widely distributed in various tissues and organs,and discovered by German scientist Burmester in 2002.So far,various functions of CYGB have been investigated,such as carrying,storaging and sensing oxygen like other hemoproteins.Researches have reported that CYGB not only expressed in neuron cytoplasm but also in the nuclei,and could be inducted by cerebral anoxia.Both in vivo and in vitro studies have proved that CYGB was up-regulated by hypoxia,increasing the tolerance to brain hypoxia,protecting brain injury by antioxidant.Brain injury caused by hypoxia has a high incidence rate and seriously affects health and life of the human.Therefore,further studies of CYGB show great significance on the prevention and treatment of hypoxia brain diseases.Through reviewing the protein structures,brain distributions and responses to hypoxia,this critical review declared that CYGB was a new neuroprotective factor for hypoxia-induced brain injury.