刺参夏眠及其工厂化养殖调控技术

Research on aestivation and its modulation via industrialized farming of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus—A review

夏眠是刺参重要的生态习性,夏眠期间刺参停止摄食,肠道退化、萎缩,生长停滞,因而刺参夏眠是影响刺参养殖产量和效益的关键因素之一。在刺参养殖中,如何解决刺参夏眠所引起的摄食停止、体重减轻问题,提高刺参养殖效率和效益,是一个重要的科学和技术难题。文中归纳总结了对人工养殖刺参的夏眠时间、夏眠临界温度、夏眠诱因及刺参夏眠期间主要生理指标变化等方面的研究成果,借此探讨通过养殖环境调控来减少或消除刺参夏眠的理论依据和可行性;介绍了刺参工厂化养殖中人工控温、控光、水质调节、营养调节和养殖管理技术,列举了几家工厂化养殖刺参案例,并指出了刺参工厂化养殖未来研究方向。

Aestivation is an important ecological characteristic of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. The animals stop feeding and aestivate at high temperatures in summer, resulting in serious tissue regression, metabolic rate depression and growth suspension. It is a major challenge in science and technology to improve the growth performance of sea cucumbers during the warmer season, so as to increase the efficiency and benefit of its aquaculture. In this article, research on aestivation of A. japonicus is reviewed, including the time period, threshold temperature and incentives for aestivation, and major physiological change of the animal during aestivation. The theoretical basis and possibility for aestivation ＂alleviation＂ or reduction via control of environmental conditions is also discussed. Furthermore, management measures for industrialized sea cucumber culture, such as temperature, light and water quality control, as well as nutrition manipulation is introduced, along with the practice of a number of commercialized farms in China. Future research on industrialized sea cucumber farming is suggested