“形式”还是“形相”——“form”汉语对应词探究

"Xing Shi" or "Xing Xiang"——An Exploration to the Best Chinese Equivalent word to"Form"

"form"(形式)是文艺理论中极其重要的概念。"form"有两个含义,第一义是外观,第二义是体裁、类型。从古汉语及其发展史的角度来看,"形式"和"form"并不完全对应。在汉语中,"辞"、"言"、"文"、"形式"、"相"、"形相"等词也都可以和"form"对应。王国维传承了日本学者用"形式"对应"form"用法,但后来朱光潜却使用"形相"来对应"form"。综合分析,"form"第一义的最佳对应词应该是"形相",第二义的对应词是"形式"。

＂Form＂is one important concept of literature theory. It has two meanings, the first is appearance, the second is type. Viewed from ancient Chinese, the word ＂form＂is not completely equivalent to the word ＂形式＂. In ancient Chinese,words like＂辞＂,＂言＂,＂文＂ ,＂形式＂ ,＂形相＂ are all equivalent to ＂ form＂. Wang Guowei uses ＂形式＂ to equal ＂form＂, that was influenced by Japanese. But Zhu Guangqian uses ＂形相＂to match it. Analysis by synthesis, the best CHinese equivalent word to the first meaning of ＂ form＂ is＂~形式＂, while the second is ＂形式＂