关于处置、被动同形标记“给”和“把”的相关问题

A Study of Disposal Construction and Passive Marker "gei(给)" and "ba(把)"

北方话中出现了"给"兼表处置、被动的现象。以江淮官话、湘语、赣语为主的南方话中出现了"把"兼表处置、被动的现象。我们根据前人研究成果及调查唐宋以后的文献,探究这种同形异义结构的历史层次和形成原因,得出结论:动词"给"在清代演变为使役标记再演变为被动标记,由受益标记再演变为处置标记。"把"表处置和共同语中"把"表处置是同源的,而"把"表被动来源于宋元至明代出现的新的"给予"义动词"把"。"把"作为"给予"义动词在方言中普遍使用之后,先演变为使役标记,然后发展为被动标记。

In northern mandarin, ＂gei（给 ）＂ could be used in both disposal construction and passive construction. In Chinese southern dialect,＂ba（把）＂ could be used in both disposal construction and passive construction. On the basis of the previous studies and pre-modern Chinese literature survey, this paper examines the development and the source of the homographs constructions.