论教学中的超越原则

The Transcendence Principle in Instruction

传统教学原则体系偏重对学生现有发展水平的适应,容易导致教学效率低下和消极期待等问题。为克服这种偏颇,需要同时提出超越原则和适应原则,并在对立统一的张力中灵活运用。超越原则是辩证教学原则体系的逻辑起点,其理论基础是维果茨基的最近发展区理论。超越原则强调对学生现有发展水平的领先和提升,包含帮助、挑战和期待三个环节,它们相互中介和渗透,统一于效率。

Traditional instructional principle system pays special attention to the adaptation to students＇ present development levels, which causes problems such as low efficiency and negative expectation. To overcome the one-sidedness, transcendence principle is put forward together with the adaptation principle and is used flexibly in the tension of opposition and unity. Transcendence principle is the logical start of the dialectical instructional principle system based on Vygotsky＇ s theory of proximal development zone. It puts emphasis on the leading and upgrading of students＇ present development levels, including three links such as help, challenge and expectation which mediate and penetrate each other and are unified in efficiency.