葡萄小麦间作对果园土壤水肥状况及物理性状的影响

Effects of Grape(Vitis) and Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) Intercropping on Garden Soil Water and Fertilizer Status and Its Physical Traits

[目的]为进一步推广葡萄(Vitis)小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)间作提供科学依据。[方法]以8年美人指葡萄、郑麦366为试材,比较葡萄小麦间作与葡萄单作不同种植方式对果园土壤水肥状况及物理性状的影响。[结果]与葡萄单作比较,葡萄小麦间作0～20、20～40 cm土层有机质含量均有不同程度提高。4月份与8月份比较,葡萄小麦间作的速效氮、速效钾比葡萄单作降低的幅度大,葡萄单作的速效氮含量基本没有变化,速效钾含量降低了20.8 mg/kg。与葡萄单作相比,4月上旬葡萄小麦间作土壤含水量平均降低3.53个百分点,0～20、20～40 cm土层田间持水量分别提高了1.32～3.61、1.20～1.57个百分点。[结论]该研究可为制定葡萄优质丰产技术措施、培育优质果园土壤和科学合理集约化利用耕地提供依据。

[Objective] The aim was to provide a scientific basis for deeply popularization grape(Vitis) and wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) intercropping.[Method] Choosing 8-year-old Meirenzhi grape[(Unicorn)×(Baladi No.2) and Zhengmai 366 as test materials,the effects of different planting methods,grape and wheat intercropping,grape sole cropping,on garden soil water and fertilizer status and its physical traits were compared.[Result] Comparing to grape sole cropping,0-20,20-40 cm soil layer organic matters content of grape and wheat intercropping improved at different degree.Comparing to at August,at April,available nitrogen and available potassium content of grape and wheat intercropping decreasing extent was larger than those of grape sole cropping,available nitrogen content of grape sole cropping had no change basically,while available potassium content decreased 20.8 mg/kg.Comparing to grape sole cropping,at the first ten days of April,soil water content averagely decreased 3.53 percentage,and the field water capacity of 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layer decreased 1.32-3.61 and 1.20-1.57 percentage,resp..[Conclusion] The study provides basis for making out grape high yield and good quality cultivation technology measures,culturing good quality garden soil and utilizing farmland scientifically,reasonably and intensively.