氮磷钾配施对西瓜果实产量和品质的影响

Effects of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium on Yield and Quality of Water Melon

[目的]研究氮磷钾对西瓜产量和品质的影响,为西瓜高产优质生产提供参考。[方法]在不同的西瓜生长发育时期,配施不同组合的氮、磷、钾。[结果]在试验条件下,施氮磷增产效果显著;施用氮肥后西瓜果实瓜瓤可溶性固形物、维生素C含量减少,300 kg/hm2以上明显减少,总酸和硝酸盐含量增加;施用钾肥后可溶性固形物、维生素C含量增加,但过多施用不再增加。过多的施用氮肥促进硝酸盐的积累显著。钾肥可有效地抑制硝酸盐的积累。[结论]施入纯氮200～300 kg/hm2、P2O5100～200 kg/hm2、K2O 100～200 kg/hm2,西瓜果实产量高,可溶性固形物、维生素C含量高,硝酸盐积累较少,总酸含量较低。

[Objective] The effects of nitrogenous,phosphate and potash fertilizers on the watermelon yield and quality were investigated to provide reference for the high yield and quality.[Method] In the different growth stages of watermelon,the effects of different combinations of nitrogen,phosphorous and potassium were studied.[Result] The fertilization of nitrogen and phosphate showed a significant effect on the yield increase.The content of soluble solids and Vitamin C in watermelon decreased after the usage of the fertilization of nitrogen,while total acid and nitrate content increased.Obvious decrease of the soluble solids and Vitamin C content was observed when the usage of the fertilization of nitrogenous was higher than 300 kg/hm2.Meanwhile,the usage of the P fertilizer led the increases in the content of soluble solids and Vitamin C in Watermelon,which couldn't be raised with excess fertilization of P fertilizer.Nitrate accumulation was obviously promoted with N fertilizer rates and inactivated with K fertilizer rates.[Conclusion] The highest yield of watermelon was obtained at 200-300 kg/hm2 N,100-200 kg/hm2 P2O5 and 100-200 kg/hm2 K2O with higher soluble solids and Vitamin C content and lower Nitrate accumulation and total acid.