基于GIS和RS的海口市郊区乡村景观格局分析

GIS-and RS-based Analysis of Suburban Landscape Layout in Haikou City

采用1991、2001、2010年3期Landsat TM/ETM+和Alos遥感影像数据,应用面向对象遥感影像提取技术,对3期影像数据进行解译,运用景观生态学理论,结合GIS技术及FRAGSTATS 4.1景观分析软件,选择合理的景观指数,对海口市郊区乡村景观格局进行时空变化研究,揭示乡村景观的空间特征和变化趋势。结果表明:近20年来,热带园地景观一直处于优势地位,热带农田景观形状最为复杂,热带疏林景观受到人为干扰的强度很大,但热带疏林景观连接性好,分布集中,聚集程度高,热带聚落景观和热带荒草地景观散布程度大,连接性差;景观连通性基本保持良好;蔓延度指数变化不大,景观均衡性稳定;景观多样性基本维持平衡,各景观类型分布基本均匀,但景观的破碎化程度有上升的趋势,景观异质性程度略有增大。

Landsat TM/ETM+ and Alos remote sensing data of the study area in 1991,2001 and 2010 were interpreted by using object-oriented RS image extraction technology,landscape ecology theories were applied as well as GIS and FRAGSTATS4.1 to choose reasonable landscape indexes for studying temporal-spatial changes of suburban landscape layouts of Haikou City,exploring spatial features and change tendency of rural landscapes.According to the results,tropical garden landscapes have taken a dominant status in the last 2 decades;tropical farmland landscapes have had the most complicate shapes;tropical open forest landscapes have been most influenced by human interventions but had the best connectivity and high degree of concentration;tropical settlement landscapes and tropical meadow landscapes have been widely scattered with poor connectivity;landscape connectivity has been well maintained;contagion index has changed slightly,landscape equilibrium has been stable;landscape diversity has been maintained,all landscape types have been evenly distributed,landscape fragmentation has increased,and landscape heterogeneity has grown.