除魅与离心:晚清泰山祈雨礼的变异

Demystification and Centrifugation: the change of the late Qing Dynasty rite of praying for rain on Taishan

咸丰朝以降,晚清官方的泰山祈雨(雪)礼出现了明显的变异。这一祈雨礼不再配有皇帝亲撰的祝文,从而在国家礼仪体系中逐渐被边缘化。由于泰山祈雨的结果不能及时如愿,清廷开始试用西方传来的农业灌溉技术,由此开启了泰山从神圣走向世俗的去魅之路。然而,从此泰山祈雨礼逐渐沦为地方官员借以谋取私利的工具,遮蔽了"礼治"体制承载的君恩与公义。晚清泰山祈雨礼呈现的"去魅"与离心,表明"神道设教"之道难以应对当时中国面临的实际困境,而政治文化信仰的陨落隐然成为晚清"礼治"的深层危机。

Since Xianfeng Reign, the rite of late Qing Dynasty official praying for rain （snow） on Tai Shan had changed significantly which had no more congratulatory message written by the emperor himself, thus it became marginalized gradually in the rites system of the country. Due to the results that praying for rain on Tai Shan couldnt come true in time, the Qing Government started to try out the agriculture irrigation technology introduced from the west. Therefore, Tai Shan started the demystification road form sacred to secular. Moreover, the rite of praying for rain was reduced to the tool for the local officials to seek personal gain, the monarch grace and public justice born by the system of ＂Rule of Rites＂. The ＂demystification＂ and centrifugation presented on the late Qing Dynasty rite of praying for rain on Tai Shan indicated that the way of ＂ education through religions＂ could not reply the actual difficulties faced by the then China, and the failing of political culture belief became hidden the deep crisis of ＂Rule of Rites＂ of late Qing Dynasty.