饮食控制对妊娠糖尿病的治疗效果观察

目的观察分析饮食控制对妊娠糖尿病(GDM)的治疗效果。方法选取2010年4月-2012年4月GDM孕妇262例,随机分成两组,各131例。观察组给予营养指导和饮食控制的健康教育,对照组给予常规产检及跟踪随访,观察对比两组孕妇干预前后的空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2h血糖(2hPBG)变化,并观察对比两组孕妇的母儿结局。结果观察组干预后FBG、2hPBG较干预前明显下降,对照组干预前后无明显变化,两组组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组孕妇胎膜早破、羊水过多、宫内感染、产后出血、剖宫产率与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组胎儿宫内窘迫、巨大儿、新生儿窒息、早产、新生儿低血糖发生率与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对GDM孕妇给予营养指导和饮食控制的健康教育,可降低和控制血糖水平,改善母儿预后。

Objective To observe and analyze treatment effects of diet control in gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM）. Methods From April 2007 to April 2012 in our hospital, 262 women with GDM were randomLy divided into 2 groups, each with 131 cases. Observation group were given nutrition guidance and control diet health education, the control group was given routine antenatal examination and follow-up, fasting blood glucose （FBG）, 2 h after meal changes of blood glucose （2 hPBG） were compared between two groups of pregnant women before and after the intervention of, and the ending of pregnant women and their infants were compared between two groups. Results FBG, 2 hPBG contrast before the intervention significantly decreased after intervention in the observation group, control group had no obvious change, there was significant difference between the two groups （P〈0.05）. Premature rupture of membranes, polyhydramnios, intrauterine infection, postpartum hemorrhage, cesarean section rate in observation group had significant difference compared with the control group （P 〈0.05）. incidence of fetal distress, great children, neonatal asphyxia, premature birth, neonatal hypoglycemia in observation group had significant difference compared with the control group （P 〈0.05）.Conclusion Nutritional advice and health education on diet control on GDM in maternal can reduce and control the level of blood sugar, improve the prognosis of mothers and infants.