4386例狂犬病暴露监测

Epidemiological surreillance of 4 386 persons exposed to rabies

目的了解狂犬病暴露人群的情况,为预防和控制狂犬病的发生和流行提供科学依据。方法对福建省疾病预防控制中心犬伤门诊2010年因动物致伤后来门诊接种疫苗者的登记情况进行统计分析。结果4 386例狂犬病暴露者中男性2 263例,占51.60%,女性2 123例,占48.40%,男女比例为1.07:1。高发年龄是15～45岁1 946例,占44.37%,其次是0～15岁1134例,占25.85%。咬伤动物主要为犬类,宠物犬和家犬3 398例,占77.47%,伤口部位主要为上肢2 343例,占53.42%,其次为下肢1 208例,占27.54%。Ⅲ级暴露人群最多为2 422例,占55.22%,所有暴露者经正确处理伤口,全程规范接种狂犬疫苗,迄今无1人发病。结论目前对狂犬病尚无有效的治疗方法,做好暴露后免疫预防是关键,最有效的措施是加强犬类管理,暴露后应及时规范处理伤口并全程接种狂犬病疫苗。

Objective To understand the status of exposure of residents to rabies virus and provide scientific basis for the control and prevention of rabies. Methods Information on the rabies patients was collected from the emergency department in emergency outpatients of Fujian Provincial Center for Disease control and Prevention in Jan and Dec 2010. Results Among 4 386 rabies patients, 2 263 were males （accounting for 51.60%） and 2 123 patient were females （accounting for 48.40%）. The ratio of male to female was 1.07：1. Patients within the age group of 15 ~ 45 years were the high-risk group （ac- counting for 44.37%） .1 134 cases were in the age group between 0 - 15 years （accounting for 25.85%）. Most of the patients （3 398 cases, 77.47%） were bitten by pet dogs. And the wounds were mainly on the upper limbs （2 343 cases, 53.42%） and lower limbs （1 208 cases, 27.54% ）. Most of the exposure was grade ]]I （2 422 cases,55.22% ）.All patients were treated with wound-cleaning and vaccinated with rabies vaccine. No rabies onset occurred to the wounded patients after properly treated and vaccinated with full course of vaccine. Conclusion At present there is no cure for rabies. Therefore, vaccination with ra- bies vaccine after rabies exposure is the key for the control and prevention of rabies, and strengthening management of dogs and properly treatment of the wounds.