湖南嘉禾县2009～2011年手足口病流行病学分析

Epidemiological characteristic of HFMD in Jiahe County from 2009 to 2011

目的探讨湖南省嘉禾县手足口病的流行病学特征,为制定防治措施提供科学依据。方法运用描述性流行病学方法对嘉禾县2009~2011年的手足口病疫情信息、手足口病病例流行病学调查及实验室监测资料进行分析。结果嘉禾县2009~2011年手足口病发病数逐年增加,共报告病例534例,年平均报告发病率为59.97/10万,重症病例11例,死亡3例;全县各乡镇均有病例发生,病倒主要集中在城乡结合部流动人口较多的乡镇;其中男性389例、女性145例,男∶女比约为2.68∶1;大部分病例为5岁及以下儿童,尤以3岁及以下儿童发病率为最高;本病四季均有发病,高峰期在4~7月,2011年11~12月发病出现翘尾峰,共发病131例,占当年全部病例的41.99%;实验室监测肠道病毒EV71型占42.74%、CoxA16型占45.97%,重症病例中EV71型占90.91%,CoxA16型占9.09%,而死亡病例则均为EV71型。结论嘉禾县手足口病的发病季节性分布明显,不同年份发病高峰不尽相同,年龄及性别差异明显,5岁及以下儿童是手足口病的多发人群和防治的重点;肠道病毒EV71型、CoxA16型是嘉禾县手足口病主要病原体,而肠道病毒EV71型则是嘉禾县手足口病流行的优势病毒株,也是引发手足口病重症病例,并导致死亡的主要病因。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD in Jiahe County and provide a scientific basis for HFMD prevention and control. Method The data of HFMD in Jiahe County from 2009 to 2011 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology. Results The incidence of HFMD increased annually from 2009 to 2011 in Jiahe County with the annual average incidence rate of 59.97/100 000 and 534 cases were reported including 11 severe cases. HFMD cases were found in all the towns but mainly concentrated in the Chengguan Town and Tangchun Town where more mobile population inhabited in the urban fringe area. The ratio of male cases to female cases was about 2.68：1. The most cases were children under 5 years old, the incidence of the children under 3 years old was the highest. The annual infection peak was from April to July, but there were 131 cases from November to December in 2011, accounting for 41.99% of all the patients. Laboratory surveillance showed 42.74% were EV71 infection and 45.97% ude to CoxA16 infection, severe cases with EV71 and CoxA16 accounted for 90.91% and 9.09%.The three deaths was infected with EVT1. Conclusion There was apparently seasonal distribution of HFMD in Jiahe County with different peak of onset in different year. There was distinct difference in the incidence of HFMD among different age groups and gender. Children under 5 years were the risk population. The main pathogens were intestinal EV71 and CoxA16. EV71 could cause severe infection and even deaths.