村落地权的实践:公平理念与效率逻辑——以广东省茂名市浪山村为例

The Practice of Village's Land Property Rights: Equity Conviction and Efficiency Logic——the Example of Langshan Village in Maoming

本文选取广东省茂名市浪山村进行个案研究,以揭示村落地权实践中表现出的复杂而真实的产权形态。浪山村的实践表明,地权配置之于农民,是一个伦理性与功能性的统一体;将承包权均等赋予有资格的人,表达了公平理念;将经营权竞价配置给有能力的人,构成了效率增进与分工演化,由此满足了农民对公平与效率的双重追求。从实践效应看,这一特殊村庄的地权实践及其发展历程,展示出了农村基本经营制度的三大转型特征,可能蕴涵着未来中国农村经济社会结构变迁的发生机制,对中国农村基本经营制度的完善和改革具有示范价值和借鉴意义。

This paper focuses on the case of Langshan village,to reveals that the state of property rights demonstrated in the practice of village land rights is complex but real.The Langshan Village practice shows that the land right allocation combines both ethicality and functionality.On one hand,the equal distributions of the contract right of land express equitable conviction.On the other hand,the management rights of the fishponds allocated to the competent farmer through bidding can constitute the efficiency enhancement and division of labor based on specialization.This system meets the needs of farmers' pursuit of both equity and efficiency.From the practical effect,the practice of village's land property right and its development course shows three transformation characteristics of the rural basic management systems.It may reflect the development trend of the changes of China's rural economy social structure in the future.It is of pilot and experiential significance for the practice of improvement and reform of the rural basic management systems.