论中国农民专业合作社的识别和判定

The Identification and Judgment of the Farmer Specialized Cooperatives in China

依据合作社的概念和原则,可以从是否是经济实体、社员是否是独立的生产者、所有者和惠顾者身份是否同一、是否谋求社员利益最大化四个方面判定一个组织是否是合作社。根据上述标准,人民公社、农村社区合作社、供销合作社、信用合作社、农产品行业协会、土地流转合作社等均不适合由《农民专业合作社法》来规范。当前,亟需通过完善立法来防止合作社的异化。

Based on the concept and principles of cooperatives,whether an organization can be identified as a cooperative can be judged from the following four aspects: whether it is an economic entity,whether the members of it are independent producers,whether the owner and patron has the same identification and whether it pursues the maximization of its member's interests.According to the above criteria,the People's Commune,Rural Community Cooperatives,Supply and Marketing Cooperatives,Credit Cooperatives,Agricultural Products Association and the Land Transfer Cooperatives are not suitable to be regulated by The Farmer Cooperatives Act.It is urgent to prevent the alienation of the cooperatives through the improvement of legislation.