劳动力市场扭曲、结构转变和中国劳动生产率

Labor Market's Distortion,Structural Change and Labor Productivity in China

本文在封闭的两部门经济中,引入劳动力市场扭曲,使用非位似的Stone-Gary效用函数从理论上说明了劳动力市场扭曲同经济结构变化和劳动生产率间的关系,并使用1980—2009年间的中国宏观经济数据进行实证分析。研究发现:首先,中国部门间劳动力市场存在扭曲,且并没有呈现随时间而减弱的趋势,控制部门间人力资本差异后的年均扭曲指数为0.24,即农业的工资水平仅相当于非农部门的24%;其次,劳动市场扭曲会显著迟滞中国经济结构调整,若消除扭曲,中国农业劳动力占比将下降26.38%;最后,劳动力市场的扭曲使过多的劳动力滞留在农村,会带来显著的效率损失,年均潜在损失达到16.34%。若消除劳动力市场扭曲,中国劳均产出可增加19.53%。

In this paper, we study the effect of labor market＇s distortion on structural change and productivity by introducing the distortion in standard closed two-sector model with Stone-Gary utility function and evaluate the performance based on Chinese macroeconomic data during 1980-2009. First of all, our research shows that labor market＇s distortion has been existed in past three decades and doesn＇t tend to dismiss over time. The distortion index is 0. 24 after controlling the difference between sectors which implies the wage in agriculture is only 24% of non-agriculture sector; secondly, we find the distortion has hindered the structural change of China and agricultural labor will fall 26. 38% if the distortion is eliminated. Finally, the distortion has made 16. 34% potential productivity losses annually and output per worker will increase 19.53% if we remove the distortion.