四川省农村孕妇对优生知识的认知现状调查

Investigation on current situation of cognition of rural pregnant women to eugenic knowledge in Sichuan province

目的:了解四川省农村孕妇对出生缺陷一级预防知识的掌握情况,为出生缺陷干预工作中宣传教育的服务方式和内容提供科学依据。方法:利用因子分析方法从4个维度分析研究对象的孕前保健知识水平,通过广义估计方程分析获取知识的途径,并研究知识获取途径、知识掌握水平和教育经历的关系。结果:共选取了四川省8个地区的917例孕妇,优生知识问卷的正确率为65.49%,其中风险预防知识正确率为87.37%,疾病预防知识正确率为58.32%,生育史知识正确率为49.84%,叶酸增补知识正确率为42.02%。没有主动学习优生知识的孕妇中有53.5%认为自己健康,有37.5%是意外怀孕。结论:孕妇的保健知识掌握情况较好,特别是文化水平较高的地区。其中,风险预防知识维度掌握情况较好,在某些方面认识不足(如生育史和叶酸增补方面);选择宣传手册、培训讲座或咨询医生途径获取知识的人群其优生知识水平较高;本科及以上高学历人群与初中及以下低学历人群相比,前者更容易选择这3种途径获取知识。没有主动学习保健知识的最主要原因是认为自己健康。

Objective： To understand the knowledge of primary prevention of birth defects among pregnant women in Sichuan prov- ince in order to offer scientific guidance for carrying out birth defects prevention. Methods ： The knowledge level of preconception care from multiple dimensions was analyzed by factor analysis method. The way to acquire knowledge was analyzed by generalized estimating equation, and the relationship between the way to acquire knowledge, knowledge level of preconception care and education experience was researched. Results： A total of 917 rural pregnant women were selected from eight regions in Sichuan province. The rural pregnant women had high knowledge level of pre - pregnant health care （65.49%） . The correct rate of risk prevention knowledge was 87. 37% , the correct rate of disease prevention knowledge was 58.32%, the rate of reproductive history was 49.84% and the cognition rate of folic supplements knowledge was 42.02%. The most important reason for 53.5% of their not taking the initiative to learn the knowledge of health care was that they believe in their healthy, and 37.5% of them didn＇t learn the knowledge because of unintended pregnancies. Conclusion： Pregnant women grasp preconception care knowledge better, especially the women in rural areas with higher cultural level. They grasp risk prevention knowledge better, but they lack knowledge in some aspects, such as folic acid supplements and reproductive history. The crowd choosing training seminars, manual or consulting doctors as ways to acquire knowledge arc statistical different from others in preconception care knowl- edge level. Undergraduate and more highly educated people choose these three ways more often compared with those with junior high school and lower educated population. The most important reasons for their not taking the initiative to learn the knowledge of health care is that they believe in their healthy.