交通事故认定书的证据属性及异议救济制度的完善

Evidence Attribute of Traffic Accident Identification Paper and Improvement of Objection Relief System

由于交通事故认定书直接确认了交通事故形成的基本原因以及当事方对事故责任的基本权利义务,因此其在由交通肇事引发的刑事、民事与行政诉讼中占据极为重要的证据地位。由于事故认定书确认的基本事实属于法律事实而非客观事实,随后的责任划分又是基于上述事实的主观判断,因此当事人对交通事故认定书的事实确认以及责任分配有异议自然在所难免。但是,当事人对交通事故认定书这类证据的异议,目前的诉讼制度却基本没有救济途径。这就导致了如下现状:交通警察事实上充当了各类交通肇事案件的法官,并且其做出的交通事故认定书也具有了"一审终审"的法律效力。

Since the trafiqc accident identification paper directly recognizes the traffic accident causes and the basic rights and obligations of the parties concerned, it occupies very important evidence status in the criminal, civil and administrative litigation caused by the traffic accident. Since the basic fact confirmed in the accident paper belongs to the legal facts rather than the objective fact, the responsibility division is based on the fact of subjective judgment, so it is naturally unavoidable that the parties may confirm responsibility distribution for the traffic accident and the fact the paper has made. However, the current litigation system has basically no relief way against such objection. This will lead to the following situation： traffic police act asthe judge of all kinds of transportation accident case, and the traffic accident identification paper the police have made has the legal effect of ＂the first trial as final appeal＂.