中老年肢体残疾者人格特质、社会支持的调查

Disabled Adults’ Personality Traits and Social Support

目的探讨肢体残疾者人格、社会支持和心理健康状况。方法在上海的残疾人中随机抽取32例50～65岁肢体残疾成人研究组,根据1:2.5的配对原则选取80例为对照组,采用日常生活能力量表、艾森克人格问卷、社会支持评定量表、老年心理健康量表分别评定研究组和对照组。结果①研究组中26例(81.25%)有不同程度的日常生活能力功能障碍;②研究组与对照组在人际关系、性格外向性和神经质维度上评分差异有显著性(t=2.098,2.71,2.32;P<0.05);③组社会支持评分比较,在客观支持、支持利用维度和总分上研究组得分高于对照组且差异有显著性(t=-5.36,-3.86,-6.72;P<0.001);④研究组的心理健康水平在认知效能、情绪体验、自我认识、人际交往、适应能力均总体得分低于对照组且有显著性(t=4.99,8.66,5.79,4.53,7.38,8.12,P<0.001)⑤在心理健康方面,研究组心理健康水平与对照组有显著差异(t=-2.96;P<0.001);⑥研究组人格特征的内外向和情绪的稳定性与心理健康密切相关(r=-0.21,0.59;P<0.05)。结论残疾人在人格特质、社会支持方面与一般人群有区别,对残疾人实施心理援助应根据其特点合理实施。

Objective To explore disabled adults＇ personality traits ,social support and mental health status. Methods Random- ly selected 32 disabled persons from 50 to 65--year-old disabled adults in Shanghai as a research group,according to 1..2, 5 match ing principle ,selection for 80 case as a control group ,Assessed the study group and control group by Activity of Daily Living Scale, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire,Social support rating scale,The elderly mental health scale. Results （1）There were 26 cases （81.25 % ）who had different levels of activities of daily living dysfunction in research group~）There were significant differences in interpersonal relationships, extroversion and neuroticism between two groups （t = 2. 098,2.71,2.32 ; P〈 0.05 ） ; （~）Objective sup- port, support using and total score were significantly higher in research group than control gi＇oup （t =-5. 86,-3.86,-6. 72~ P〈 0. 001 ） ; （~）Cognitive performance ,emotional experience,self-awareness,interpersonal and adapting ability were significantly lower in research group than control group （t= 4.99,8.66,5.79,4.53,7.38,8.12 ;P〈0. 001 ）（5）There was significant difference in men- tal health between two groups（t=-2.96 ,P〈0. 001） （6）Introversion-extroversion and neuroticism were close correlation with men- tal health in research group（r=-0.21,0.59P〈0.05）. Conclusion Disabled adults are different from the general population in personality traits and social support,so the implementation of psychological assistance for disabled adults should be based on their characteristics.