检查表法在公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生学评价中的应用效果

Application of Checklist Method to Hygienic Evaluation of Central Air Conditioning Systems in Public Places

[目的]研究检查表法应用于公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生学评价中的有效性。[方法]使用检查表法对37个项目的集中空调通风系统进行卫生学评价,使用SPSS 19.0软件对评价结果进行分析。[结果]约1/3项目存在室内间接吸取新风、与污染源距离较近、冷凝水管未设置水封、机房堆放杂物等现象,仅16.2%项目设置空气净化消毒装置,无项目设置清洗消毒窗口。医疗机构、商业建筑及公共交通项目同一检查项的评价结果间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而同一场所各检查项的评价结果间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]公共场所集中空调通风系统在运行中存在一定卫生问题,而检查表法可以在公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生学评价中予以推广完善。

[ Objective ] To examine the validity of checklist method for hygienic evaluation of central air conditioning systems （CACS） in public places. [ Methods ] The CACS of 37 public construction projects were selected for hygienic evaluation using self-administered checklist, and then the evaluation results were analyzed with SPSS 19.0. [ Results ] Issues of CACS installation were identified in about one third projects including indirect indoor fresh air inlet, insufficient distance between fresh air inlet and pollution sources, condensate pipes without water seal, and sundries in equipment rooms. Only 16.2% projects were installed air purification and disinfection devices. None of the projects provided windows for cleaning and disinfection. The evaluation results of the same checklist item showed no significant differences among projects of hospitals, commercial buildings, and public traffic constructions （P 〉 0.05）; meanwhile, statistical differences were found among various check list items of the same project （P 〈 0.05）. [ Conclusion ] Hygienic problems exist in running CACS in public place, and the checklist method can be employed to the hygienic evaluation of CACS.