现代社会的双重困惑:经济危机与生态危机——詹姆斯·奥康纳“双重危机理论”之评析

Double Confusions of Modern Society:Economic Crisis and Ecological Crisis——Comments on the Dual Crisis Theory of James O’Conner

进入21世纪以来,资本主义世界的经济危机没有销声匿迹,同时伴随经济危机产生的生态危机也越演越烈。美国著名生态学马克思主义学家詹姆斯.奥康纳站在继承和拓展经典马克思主义的角度,否定了法兰克福学派的资本主义经济危机让渡于生态危机的观点,扩展了经典马克思主义的资本主义矛盾思想,指出在资本主义制度下存在"第二重"矛盾,并在此基础上提出了资本主义制度下经济危机与生态危机同时并存的"双重危机理论"。虽然奥康纳的资本主义"双重矛盾"及"双重危机"还存在一些不足,但是,对于当前全球性的经济衰退和生态问题仍具有强烈的现实意义,特别是对于正处于经济发展转型阶段、生态问题日益严重的社会主义中国更具有借鉴意义。

Since the 21st Century world, the economic crisis of capitalism does not disappear, and at the same time, the ecological crisis economic crisis intensified. The famous ecological Marx＇s scientist James O＇cenner hold a new angle of view of inheritance and development the traditional Marxism, denied viewpoint of the Franldurt School that the capitalist economic crisis delivered to ecological crisis, and expanded the tra- ditional Marx＇s capitalism thoughts. He pointed out that there is ＂second＂ contradiction in the capitalist sys- tem, and puts forward the ＂double crisis theory ＂. Although O＇Conner＇s ＂dual conflict＂ and ＂double crisis theory＂ also have some shortcomings, but still have a strong practical significance to the current global economic recession and ecological problems, especially to socialist China, which is in the transformation stage of economy, and has increasingly serious ecological problems.