古代美学思想中的“境界”含义溯源

Tracing the Meaning of Realm in Ancient Aesthetic Thought

"境界"是古代美学中的核心概念,在现代语境中,它往往被视为与"意境"同义。然而在古代,"境界"比"意境"更具丰富内涵,通过追溯"境界"概念的起源与演变,可以总结出这样四个主要含义:第一,既指国土边界又指抽象的边界本身;第二,它指空间上的领域;第三,在佛学中指与心识关联的对象,可以引申为现象学意义上的境域;第四,指人所达到的精神层次。因此,"境界"所体现的正是各种精神层次中所观照的现象,不分主客,它将为境界论美学提供新的可能性。

“Realm” is a core concept in the ancient aesthetics and is often regarded as the “artistic conception” in the modern context. However, in ancient times, the “realm” had more rich connotations than the “artistic conception”. By tracing the origin and evolution of the concept of “realm”, this paper summed up four main meanings： 1. It refers both to the land boundary and the abstract boundary; 2 It refers to the space＇s field; 3. it refers to intentional object in the Buddhism, which can be extended to the horizon in phenomenological sense; 4. it refers to the spiritual level. Therefore, what the term “realm” shows is the phenomenon contemplated at various spiritual levels, regardless of the subject and object, and will provide new possibilities for the aesthetics of realm.