2006--2010年全国土源性线虫病监测分析

Analysis on the epidemiological situation of soil-transmitted nematodiasis at monitoring spots from 2006 to 2010

目的了解全国土源性线虫病流行动态及影响因素，掌握流行规律，预测流行趋势，并为制订防治对策和评价防治效果提供科学依据。方法2006--2010年，在22个土源性线虫病国家监测点开展人群感染情况、土壤人蛔虫卵污染情况和相关自然社会因素监测，收集整理各类数据，对感染率和感染度等指标进行统计学分析。结果2006-2010年人群年度土源性线虫感染率依次为20．88％、18．93％、16．59％、13．30％和11．25％，2010年感染率较2006年下降了46．12％（X2=1047．98，P〈0．01），5～10岁组儿童的年度土源性线虫感染率依次为34．71％、29．22％、27．02％、21．19％和16．33％，一直维持在较高水平。2010年蛔虫、鞭虫、钩虫以及3～12周岁儿童蛲虫感染率较2006年有不同程度下降，分别下降了53．93％、35．88％、45．83％和34．30％。2006--2010年，土壤人蛔虫卵检出率依次为37．10％、29．55％、25．93％、31．25％和24．42％，年间差异无统计学意义（，=10．43，P〉0．01）。结论2006--2010年，监测点人群土源性线虫感染率呈逐年下降趋势。土源性线虫的高感染地区依然存在，儿童和青壮年依然是高感染人群。

Objective To understand the epidemiological situation, regularity and influencing factor of soil-transmitted nematodiasis nation wide, so as to provide the scientific evidence for making strategy and eval- uating the effect of prevention of the diseases. Methods Three aspects of content were taken for monitoring in 22 national monitoring spots from 2006 to 2010, including situation of soil-transmitted nematode infection of people, contaminative situation of Ascaris eggs in soil and related natural and social factors. Then, data were collected for further statistical analysis on infection rate and infectiosity. Results The infection rate of soil- transmitted nematodes from 2006 to 2010 were 20.88%, 18.93%, 16.59%, 13.30% and 11.25% respectively, which decreased by 46.12% in 2010 compared to that in 2006（x2=lO47.98,P〈0.01）. The 5-10 years old chil- dren were characterized with high infection rate of 34.71%, 29.22%, 27.02%, 21.19% and 16.33%. Further- more, the infection rate of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, hookworm and Enterobius vermicularis （examined only in children between 3 to 12 years old） were also decreased at different levels, by 53.93%, 35.88%, 45.83% and 34.30%, respectively in 2010 compared to that in 2006. The detection rate of Ascaris eggs in soil was 37.10%, 29.55%, 25.93%, 31.25% and 24.42% from 2006 to 2010, the difference showed no statistical significance （~=10.43 ,P〉0.O1）. Conclusion It is showed that the infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes was characterized with the tendency of declination from 2006 to 2010. The high epidemic areas still exist, while children and young adults remain in the high risk group of soil-transmitted nematode infection.