20世纪美国社会转型背景下专业博士学位的发展及其启示

America’s Social Transition in the 20th Century, Professional Doctorates Development and Their Inspirations

高等教育随着社会转型而发生变化,博士学位的目的与结构也随之发生变化。美国社会转型过程中,在哲学博士学位之外出现了专业博士学位。美国社会转型与专业博士学位之间构成紧密的互动关系,社会转型是专业博士学位产生与发展的基础和前提,而专业博士学位的发展顺应并促进了社会转型,也顺应了博士学位自身发展的需要。我国当下的社会转型预示了专业博士学位发展的巨大前景,但制度环境亟待优化。

Higher education is changing with the social transformation, and the doctorate aims and structure also changes along with it. During America＇s social transition process in the late 19th and the early 20th century, the doctorate structure had also undergone profound changes, professional doctorates emerged on the base of Ph.D.. America＇s social transition and professional doctorates composed a close relationship of interaction. Social transition is the basis and prerequisite of the emergence and development of professional doctorates, while professional doctorates conform and promote the social transition, which also conforms to the needs of professional doctorates development. Nowadays, China＇s social transition in- dicates great development of professional doctorates, whereas the system environment needs to be optimized urgently.