系统健康教育对2型糖尿病患者急性并发症的干预效果

Intervention effect of systematic health education on acute complications with type 2 diabetes

目的研究初诊2型糖尿病患者强化健康教育干预对并发急性并发症的影响。方法收集初诊患者324例，完全随机分成2组，观察组159例，予以糖尿病健康教育强化治疗，每个月安排1次健康教育讲座及电话随访，每次1～2h，共3年。对照组165例，予以一般性糖尿病健康教育，以课堂教育为主，宣传资料内容同观察组。比较2组急性并发症的发生率。结果随访3年，观察组失访19例，对照组失访23例。2010年，观察组发生严重低血糖1例；对照组发生严重低血糖15例，酮症酸中毒7例，非酮症性高渗综合征11例。观察组急性并发症的发生率明显低于对照组[0．7％（1／140）比23．2％（33／142）]，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论系统性健康教育可明显降低2型糖尿病患者并发急性并发症的发生率。

Objective To study the influences of systematic health education on acute complications with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. Methods All 324 patients were randomly divided into observation group （n = 159） and control group （n = 165 ）. The patients of observation group were treated with intensive diabetes edu- cation intervention. All participants received health education for 1-2 hours once a month by health education semi- nars and telephone follow-up for three years. The patients in control group were treated with ordinary diabetes educa- tion intervention, and all of the participants received diabetes self-education training followed by diabetes health publicity materials. The materials were as same as observation group. The acute complications rates between the ob- servation group and the control group were compared. Results In follow-up period, 19 cases in observation and 23 cases in control group lost. In 2010 year, one case occurred hypoglycaemia in observation group; 15 patients oc- curred hypoglycaemia, and ketoacidosis was seen in 7 cases, 11 cases undertook nonketotic hyperosmolar syndrome in control group. Compared with the control group, the acute complication rates were significantly lower in observa- tion group [ 0.7% （1/140） vs 23.2% （33/142） ] （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion Systematic health education can de- crease the acute complication rates among type 2 diabetic patients.