另一种“以俄为师”:民国基督徒苏俄观的转变(1918-1937)

Another Learning from Russia:the Change of Protestants'Perspectives on the Soviet Union in Republican China(1918—1937)

十月革命的爆发将马克思主义传入中国,使苏俄成为在华中外基督徒关注的焦点。在20世纪20年代,少数基督徒已认可苏俄革命的积极意义,但真正给基督徒的苏俄观带来巨大转折的是30年代苏联"一五"计划的成功,促使基督徒对苏联的赞美达到一个高潮,并积极呼吁中国向苏联学习,借以改造基督教,将苏联视为思考"中国向何处去"及基督教身份重构的参照,以至最终影响到他们对共产主义的迎拒。

When the October Revolution brought Marxism to China, the word about Union of Soviet Socialist Re- publics frequently appeared in missionaries＇ and Chinese Christians＇ discourse. In 1920s, a few of Christians had recognised positive meanings of the Soviet Union sociahst construction experiment. However, the Christians did not change their attitudes unitl The First Five-Year Plan was successful and overfulfilled in 1930s. Their praise of USSR achieved a high tide, and they eagerly called on Chinese people to learn from Russia. It became a key factor for Christians to accept or reject Communism and Capitalism.