改良护理措施对气管切开患者肺部感染的影响研究

Impact of modified nursing measures on pulmonary infections in tracheotomy patients

目的通过比较气管切开患者的肺部感染率,探讨改良护理技术的有效性。方法回顾性分析气管切开患者62例,按照护理方法的不同,将患者分为研究组和对照组,观察、比较护理1周内和1周后两组患者的黏膜损伤率、肺部感染率和日吸痰次数,并进行统计分析。结果护理1周内,研究组的肺部感染和黏膜损伤1、3例,感染率为3.2%、黏膜损伤率9.7%,明显低于对照组的8、18例,肺部感染率25.8%、黏膜损伤率58.1%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);1周后,研究组的肺部感染和黏膜损伤2、1例,感染率为6.5%、黏膜损伤率3.2%,明显低于对照组的14、21例,肺部感染率45.2%、黏膜损伤率67.7%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在1周内和1周后,研究组的日吸痰次数均低于对照组的日吸痰次数。结论改良的护理技术可以降低气管切开患者的黏膜损伤率和肺部感染率,值得在临床推广应用。

OBJECTIVE To explore the effectiveness of modified nursing measures by comparing the incidence of pulmonary infections in the tracheotomy patients. METHODS A total of 62 tracheotomy patients were retrospectively analyzed. According to the different nursing measures, the patients were divided into the study group and the control group. The rates of mucosal injury, pulmonary infections, and the number of daily suctioning between the two groups were observed and compared within one week or one week after the nursing, then the statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS In one week of the nursing, the incidence rates of the pulmonary infections and the mucosal injury of the study group were 3.2% （1 case） and 9.7%（3 cases ） respectively. The incidence rates of the pulmonary infections and the mucosal injury of the control group were 25. 8% （8 cases ）and 58. 1% （18 cases）, respectively. The incidence rates of the pulmonary infections and the mucosal injury of the study group were significantly lower than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant （P〈0. 05）. After one week of the nursing, the incidence rates of the pulmonary infections and the mucosal injury of the study group were 6.5 % （2 cases） and 3.2% （1 case）, respectively. The incidence rates of the pulmonary infection and the mucosal injury of the control group were 45.2% （14 eases）and 67.7% （21 cases）, respectively, the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.05）. The number of day suctioning of the study group was lower than that of the control group in one week or after one week. CONCLUSION The modified nursing measures can reduce the incidence rates of both the mueosal injury and the pulmonary infections, which is worthy to be promoted in the hospital.