条石鲷(Oplegnathus fasciatus)发育早期的脂肪酸组成变化研究

THE STUDY OF FATTY ACID COMPONENTS IN EARLY DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE OF OPLEGNATHUS FASCIATUS

采用GC/MS法分析了条石鲷(Oplegnathus fasciatus)的未受精卵、胚胎、仔鱼、稚鱼及幼鱼各阶段的脂肪酸组成特点及含量变动,旨在研究条石鲷发育早期脂肪酸的组成和变化规律。共检测到28种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)13种,单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)7种,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)8种。结果表明:(1)鱼卵中主要脂肪酸依次为C16:0、C22:6(n-3)(DHA)、C20:5(n-3)(EPA)和C18:1(n-9)(油酸);(2)胚胎及内源性营养阶段,主要利用C16:0、C18:0以及C18:1作为能量来源,EPA和DHA被优先保存下来;(3)摄食轮虫和桡足类AA、EPA、DHA含量显著提高,摄食卤虫则C18:1(n-9)、C18:2(n-6)及C18:3(n-3)含量迅速增加;(4)在稚鱼期必需脂肪酸AA、DHA含量不足,而EPA过高,可能引起细胞膜磷脂中DHA与EPA比例失衡,出现稚鱼"死亡高峰"。

In order to investigate the fatty acid composition and changes of Oplegnathusfasciatus in early development, the total lipid and fatty acids composition of O. fasciatus in different developmental stages （unfertilized eggs, embryos, larval, juvenile, young） were measured by means of GC/MS. The O. fasciatus was sampled from the Hengma mariculture base of Ningbo Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province in May 2009. As a result, Twenty-eight fatty acids were detected in O. fasciatus, including 13 saturated fatty acids （SFA）, 7 single unsaturated fatty acids （MUFA） and 8 poly unsaturated fatty acids （PUFA）. Found the following characteristics： （1） The major fatty acids in eggs followed by C 16：0, C22：6 （n-3） （DHA）, C20：5 （n-3） （EPA） and C 18：1 （n-9） （oleic acid）, and the content of C 16：0 was topped in each stage; （2） CI6：0, C18：0 （SFA） and C18：1 （MUFA） were main source of energy metabolism during embryos and internal nutrition, while the DHA and EPA were preferentially preserved; （3） Feeding rotifers and copepods can significantly im- prove the content of essential fatty acid （AA, EPA, DHA）, and feeding artemia can only increase rapidly in the C 18：1 （n-9） （oleic acid）, C 18：2 （n-6） （suboleic acid） and C18：3 （n-3） （linolenic acid）; （4） The main reason that ＂death peak＂ took place in juvenile fish may be lack of essential fatty acids AA and DHA and higher EPA in juveniles, which may cause the imbal- ance of DHA and EPA ratio in membrane phospholipid. The research result can offer a theoretical foundation to perfect the bait sequence of O. fasciatus during seedling stage and imnrove the success rate of artificial breeding.