美国中小学教师绩效工资制度的成功经验及其启示

The Successful Experience of Teacher Performance Pay Plans in American Primary and Secondary Schools and its Inspiration

出于对教育质量的不满,同时在教育市场化改革的影响下,美国政府在20世纪末在中小学开始广泛地实施教师绩效工资制度。虽然教师绩效工资制度在美国受到了一些教师团体的反对,但一些州的中小学实施教师绩效工资制度也取得了成功,其基本做法是:将促进教师专业发展作为绩效评价的核心目标;改革教师评价制度,重视评价标准的客观性;对校长、学校管理人员、教师制定不同的绩效考核标准。这些做法对我国完善义务教育阶段教师绩效工资制度具有借鉴意义。

Under the impact of market-oriented education reform,and also in order to improve the quality of education,the U.S. government widely enforced teacher performance pay plans in K-12 educaiton at the end of last century. Although it was opposed by several teacher organizations, some teacher performance plans has won much success in many states. The plans advocate to regard the teacher professional development as an core goal of the teacher evaluation,to reform the teacher evaluation system, and to make the evaluation criteria objective,to development different incentive programs for the principals,staffs and different category teachers. The successful practice has great implication on teacher＇s merit pay system in compulsory education in China.