试论霍布斯的情感政治学

A Preliminary Study of Hobbes' Emotional Politics

作为近代西方政治哲学之父的霍布斯,其政治思想以理性、自然权利和自觉的主权意识著称。而其思想中的情感维度却被忽视,事实上,不论是自然状态假设、契约论与自然权利说,还是国家学说,都是以人的情感作为基础。相比理性而言,情感更具有优先性。摆脱死亡的恐惧是造就政治共同体的内在逻辑。从自然状态走向契约性的利维坦,关键就在于人性的改造——使人快速地从自然人成长为政治人。一直隐匿的情感,在霍布斯的整个学说之中发挥着至关重要的作用。可以说,霍布斯的政治哲学暗含着两个维度:一个是广为人知的理性主义与自然权利学说的维度;另一个则是一直被忽视的情感政治学。

Thomas Hobbes as a pioneer of political philosophy of the West in early modern times is well-known for his theories of reason,natural rights and conscious sovereignty but his emotional dimension has often been ignored.In fact,his hypothesis of natural state,his contract theory,his theory of natural rights and his theory of the state are based on human emotions.Compare with reason,emotion has its priority.Ridding oneself of the fear of death is the internal logic for constructing a political community.The key to the shift from a natural state to Leviathan relies on the reform of humanity,a quick growth from a natural man to a political man.It is safe to say that Hobbes's political philosophy has two dimensions,one being his popular rationalism and theory of natural rights and the other his emotional politics.