科学突破的多样性与探索的自由性

The Scientific Breakthrough Diversity and the Freedom to Explore

科学突破是科学发展的关键环节,是人类科学史上激动人心的篇章.科学突破的具体方式各不相同.然而,在纷繁复杂的多样性中也呈现有章可循的简单性:最早的科学突破口只能三者居其一:实验、哲学或数学,也即存在三条不同的突破路径.卢瑟福的原子模型创新始于实验;德布罗意的物质波创新始于哲学;狄拉克的正电子创新始于数学.科学史表明,大多数科学创新过程都是三种创新路径的竞争过程,事先极难预测哪条路径会首先突破.科学探索者可以在审时度势、扬长避短的基础上,自由选择突破路径,谁都可能在科学竞争中捷足先登.

The scientific breakthrough is a key part of the scientific development, and has its diversity.However, it also presents a simple rule-based complex diversity： the earliest scientific breakthrough can only be one of the following three-experimental, philosophy or mathematics. The history of science shows that most of the scientific process of innovation are three innovative path of the competitive process. It was extremely difficult to prediet whieh path will be the first breakthrough. On the basis of the stock of the situa- tion, the scholars are free to choose to breakthrough path, and anyone could gain an advantage in the competition of science.