不被“整合”的向心力——民族走廊“国家化”研究

The Non-integrated Centrality——The Study on the Nationalization of Ethnic Corridor

传统中国社会所具有的整合性主要表现为:地区组织与国家制度、地方认同与国家认同之间成为相互交织渗透的一体两面。然而,民族走廊的历史进程及空间结构显然并未沿着一种预期的整合模式,中原王朝推行的羁縻统治、土司制度和改土归流等重大制度和事件,在"内地化"或者"汉化"模式下展开,以期经历这些制度与事件,作为"异域"的民族走廊,自然而然就成为了华夏的"中国"。此类想法显然过于简单,因为中国不是一个同质的整体。民族走廊历史上存在多个有自己文字、礼仪与政治架构的王权及部落,中原王朝的户籍制度、礼仪规范等国家统治与社会整合方式对其影响较小,它们保持着不易改变的风习。然而,异质性较强的走廊文化并未影响到它千百年来形成的地方认同与国家认同:历史上,边远民族跨越万水千山阻隔表达慕义归化之情;在对外关系中,民族走廊的"国际"走廊属性是促成中华民族内部大认同的最根本的外部因素;此外,少数民族意识中民族间同源异流的观念,及其创世史诗中中华各民族同根共祖意识,汇聚成一股强大动力,使得民族走廊在历史发展中形成强大的向心力,并最终融入到中华民族的大家庭中。

The integration in the traditional Chinese society was mainly manifested in the following aspects： the mutual intertwined relationship between the regional organization and the state system,local and national identities. However, the history course and spatial structure of the ethnic corridor had obviously not followed this integration mode. Many major systems and events such as the Ji mi policy of the Central Dynasty,the Tusi system and the land reform had been carried out by Han-Chinese assimilation or inland,therefore the ethnic corridor became a part of China. As the idea mentioned above was apparently too simple, because China was not homogeneous as the whole. In the history of ethnic corridor,it had its own languages,etiquettes and tribes,so the etiquette rules and social integration modes of Central Dynasty had little influence on it. But the ethnic corridor with strong centrality had no effect on its thousand years local and national identities.