明代甘青土官制度实施原因刍议

Analysis on Practice of Chieftain System of Ming Dynasty in Gansu and Qinghai

一直以来学术界对于中国土司制度的研究大都以西南土官为重点,对于甘青地区的土官制度研究只限于简单的阐述。明代甘青地区的土官制度有着自身的特征,它与明代西南地区的土官制度有着较大的区别。然而何以产生这样的差异,学术界讨论的并不多。本文认为明代甘青地区之所以实施以流为主的"土流参治"制度,主要原因有三点:一是民族文化类型不同;二是历史上中央王朝对这些地区的治理程度明显不同;三是明初西北、西南地区所面临的边疆问题不同。

The study about chieftain system of China has long circled in Southwest in academic field ,there is only rough description about the research of Gansu and Qinghai. The chieftain system of these regions had clear features separated from that of Southwest. There are not many discussion on the difference of it. The author believes that there are three reasons for practicing the system that The first is the difference of ethnic culture types. The obvious different degrees on which the central government managed the regions is the second one. At last ,the regions of southwest and southeast encountered different problems.