词素认知加工——基于形式还是基于语义?

Morphological Processing:Morpho-orthographic or Morpho-semantic?

自上世纪七十年代以来,随着视觉词汇加工研究的发展,多词素词的认知加工逐步引起了研究者的广泛关注。继分解论与整体论之争,基于形式的词素激活论与基于语义的词素激活论之争成为当前一大热点研究问题。支持词素形式激活论的理论模型包括前缀剥离模型、交互激活模型和双通道模型。支持词素语义激活论的理论模型是后词汇模型。文章概述并分析了两种观点的理论基础和实证支持,指出该研究领域尚未解决的问题并对未来研究方向进行了展望。

Based on a review of empirical studies conducted for over thirty years, this paper sketches the main theoretical developments in morphological processing. The first stage is characterized by a debate on whether complex words are accessed as a whole or as more than one unit, i. e. , whether component morphemes are involved in the processing or not. The major conflict arises in the debate between the decomposed account and the full listing account. As more and more studies indicate that morphemes are involved in the complex words processing and therefore rule out the full listing account, the second stage switches to the nature of morphological processing during the complex words access ： whether morphological processing is based on form or meaning. The debating parties are known as morpho-orthographic decomposition account and morphosemantic activation account, both focusing on the semantic transparency effect of morphological processing yet reaching opposite conclusions. Specifically, the former argues that morphological processing is based on form because transparent and opaque complex words produce similar priming effect to their root ; while the latter contends that, morphological processing is based on semantics because transparent complex words significantly produce larger priming effect to their root than opaque words. Finally, the paper discusses limitations of previous studies and future research directions. It indicates that in order to solve the dispute between morpho-orthographic and morpho-semantic accounts, future research should take into consideration different experimental paradigms.