北方白菜型冬油菜杂种优势分析

Analysis of Heterosis of Winter Brassica rapa in Gansu Province,Northern China

利用9个亲本、12个杂交组合,对北方白菜型冬油菜杂种优势进行分析。结果表明,其抗寒性、农艺性状、产量潜力具有较高的杂种优势,杂交组合间差异显著。在越冬率上杂交后代与亲本相比具有较好的抗寒性;株高和分枝数具有明显的杂种优势,超高亲优势率分别为3.72%(0.34%～14.29%)、8.56%(0.00%～18.75%)。产量构成因素中,8个组合的单株角果数具有超高亲优势,平均超高亲优势率为12.79%,4个组合的每角粒数具有超高亲优势(0.00%～8.00%);3个组合的千粒质量表现出超高亲优势(0.00%～1.68%)。11个组合的籽粒产量表现出超高亲优势,平均超高亲优势率为22.34%。表明,杂交组合的越冬率、株高和分枝数具有明显的杂种优势。单株总角果数杂种优势明显,对籽粒产量杂种优势可能贡献较多,而千粒质量和每角粒数杂种优势相对较弱,对籽粒产量的杂种优势贡献可能较小。

Twelve hybrids produced by 9 parents were used to analyze heterosis of winter rapeseed. The results showed that cold tolerance, agronomic traits and yield potentiality had higher heterosis, but there were significant differences among different combinations. Compared with the parents, hy- brids had better cold tolerance represented by winter survival rates; plant height and number of bran- ches had significant heterosis and the average of over-high parent heterosis rate was 3.72% （0.34%- 14.29%） for plant height and 8.56%（0.00%--18.75%） for number of branches. For the yield com- ponents, 8 crosses gave 12. 79% of over-high parent heterosis for siliques per plant. Four crosses showed over high parent heterosis on seeds per silique, but only 3 crosses showed over-high parent heterosis on 1 000-seed mass（0.00%--1.68%）. Eleven crosses gave 22. 34% of over-high parent het-erosis for seed yield on average. The results showed that winter survival rates,plant height and numbers of branches had significant heterosis, The heterosis of siliques number per plant made the biggest contribution to heterosis of seed yield, while 1 000-seed mass and seeds per silique made little to seed yield.