不同植物对高浓度Sr、Cs胁迫的响应与修复植物筛选

The Responses of Plants to High Concentrations of Strontium, Cesium Stress and the Screening of Remediation Plants

研究不同植物对锶(Sr)和铯(Cs)的抗性及富集能力对于修复锶和铯污染的土壤具有重要理论和实践意义。通过研究和评价10科13种植物对高浓度S(r500 mg Sr.kg-1)、Cs(500 mg Cs.kg-1)的抗性和富集能力,筛选针对土壤Sr或Cs污染的修复植物。结果表明:(1)抗高浓度Sr胁迫能力从大到小依次是芝麻>向日葵>红圆叶苋>菊苣>空心莲子草>西葫芦>蕹菜>黄秋葵>高粱>木耳菜>柳叶苋>四季豆>灰灰菜(;2)抗高浓度Cs胁迫能力从大到小依次是芝麻>蕹菜>四季豆>空心莲子草>西葫芦>黄秋葵>向日葵>柳叶苋>红圆叶苋>灰灰菜>木耳菜>高粱>菊苣;(3)13种植物中西葫芦的Sr含量、转移系数(TF值)、单位种植面积的Sr积累量、地上器官的Sr积累量均最大;(4)菊苣的Cs含量、TF值最大,灰灰菜单位种植面积的Cs积累量、地上部分的Cs积累量最大,空心莲子草次之。综合植物对Sr和Cs的抗性及富集能力,西葫芦、菊苣、木耳菜和黄秋葵可作为修复高浓度Sr污染土壤的植物,灰灰菜、空心莲子草和向日葵可作为修复高浓度Cs污染土壤的植物。

Studies of the resistance and accumulation ability of different plant species to strontium(Sr) and cesium(Cs) has important theoretical and practical significance for the bioremediation of Sr and Cs contaminated soil.The resistance and enrichment ability of high concentrations of Sr(500 mg Sr·kg-1) or Cs(500 mg Cs·kg-1) in thirteen plant species were investigated and evaluated in this study,in order to screen remediation plants for governance soil Sr or Cs contamination.The results showed that:(1)The sesame(Sesamum indicum) was strongest resistance to high concentration Sr stress,followed by sunflower(Helianthus annuus),red circle leaves amaranthus(Iresine herbstii'Aureo-reticulata'),Chicory(Cichorium intybus),Hollow lotus seed grass(Alternanthera philoxeroides),summer squash(Cucurbita pepo),water spinach(Ipomoea aquatica),okra(Hibiscus esculentus),Sorghum(Sorghum bicolor),malabar spinach [Gynura cusimbua(D.Don)S.Moore],willow amaranth(Amaranthus mangostanus),Snap bean(Phaseolus vulgaris),pigweeds(Chenopodium album);(2)The sesame was also strongest resistance to high concentration Cs stress,followed by water spinach,snap bean,hollow lotus seed grass,summer squash,okra,sunflower,willow amaranth,red circle leaves amaranthus,pigweeds,malabar spinach,Sorghum,Chicory;(3)summer squash had the biggest of Sr accumulation amount,transfer factor(TF value),the Sr accumulation of unit acreage and the aboveground organs in the thirteen plant species;(4)Chicory had the biggest Cs accumulation amount and TF value,and pigweeds had the biggest Cs accumulation of unit acreage and the aboveground organs,followed by hollow lotus seed grass.Based on the resistance and accumulation capacity of these plants to Sr and Cs,summer squash,Chicory,malabar spinach and okra can be used to repair the high concentration Sr contaminated soil,and pigweeds,Hollow lotus seed grass,and sunflower can be used to repair of the high concentration Cs contaminated soil.