不同污染背景生境中背角无齿蚌的重金属积累特征

Bioaccumulation Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Bivalve Anodonta woodiana from Different Habitats with Different Pollution Backgrounds

以中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心南泉基地(无明显外源污染)、太湖梅梁湾(历史上污染较为严重)以及云南茈碧湖(高原洁净湖泊)生境中的背角无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana)为对象,应用电感耦合等离子质谱仪(ICP-MS)分析了蚌样软组织中15种重金属(Al、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Mo、Ag、Cd、Ba、Tl和Pb)的积累特征。结果表明:南泉基地养殖蚌中Al、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd和Ba的含量显著低于梅梁湾野生蚌(P<0.05),茈碧湖野生蚌中Al、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Ba和Pb的含量显著低于梅梁湾蚌样(P<0.05),但前者Mo和Tl的含量显著高于后者(P<0.05);南泉基地蚌样中Cr、Fe、Mo和Tl的含量显著低于茈碧湖蚌样(P<0.05),而Cu、As和Pb的含量显著高于后者(P<0.05)。梅梁湾、南泉基地和茈碧湖蚌的金属污染指数(MPI)分别为11.1、1.8和1.0,显示出南泉基地养殖蚌重金属总体污染水平很低,与生活于洁净水体茈碧湖中蚌的情况相近,而远低于采自太湖梅梁湾蚌的水平。

The bioaccumulation characteristics of heavy metals(Al,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Mo,Ag,Cd,Ba,Tl,and Pb) in bivalve Anodonta woodiana from Nanquan Aquatic Base of Freshwater Fisheries Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences(without obvious exogenous contamination of heavy metal),Meiliang Bay of Taihu Lake(suffered relatively serious pollution) and Cibihu Lake in Yunnan Province(a very clean plateau lake) were investigated by an Agilent 7500ce inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).The results of present study showed that concentrations of Al,Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Cd and Ba in cultured mussels of Nanquan Aquatic Base were significantly lower than those of wild mussels from Meiliang Bay(P<0.05).Moreover,concentrations of Al,Mn,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Cd,Ba and Pb of wild mussels from Cibihu Lake were significantly lower than those of wild mussels from Meiliang Bay(P<0.05),while concentrations of Mo and Tl in the former were significantly higher than the latter(P<0.05).Additionally,lower concentrations of Cr,Fe,Mo and Tl could be found in cultured mussels than those of wild ones from Cibihu Lake(P<0.05).However,concentrations of Cu,As and Pb in the former were significantly higher than the latter(P<0.05).Similar metal pollution indexes(MPI) were observed between the mussels from Nanquan Aquatic Base(1.8) and Cibihu Lake(1.0),while both indexes were obviously lower than that of the mussels from Meiliang Bay(11.1).