中国各省区城市工业用地生产效率差异研究

Productive Efficiency of Regional Urban Industrial Land in China

本文选取城市工业用地面积、城市工业资本投入、城市工业从业员工人数和城市工业总产值为评价指标,运用DEA模型和Malmquist指数分解法,对比分析了2003年-2009年期间,中国29个省际城市工业用地生产效率差异以及全要素生产率的变化。研究发现:①东中西部城市工业用地生产效率水平总体较低,而中西部地区历年来又都低于全国平均水平;②城市工业用地纯技术效率较低,是影响综合效率的主要因素;③城市工业用地普遍存在规模效率递减的趋势;④城市工业用地普遍存在较高的投入冗余率的情况;⑤全国大部分地区的全要素生产率指数都呈现上升趋势,西部地区上升速度较显著。加快产业转型升级,加大科技投入,贯彻集约利用土地政策,促进企业用地规模最优化是实现工业用地效率提升的必由之路。

Land resources are crucial natural resources and the material base on which people depend on for their existence. City developments are demanding more and more land, and contradictions between population and land will become more intense. A lot of urban industrial land is utilized at a low efficiency and improving the efficiency of industrial land has important implications for for land use intensity. The purpose of the study is to analyze the differences in productive efficiencies for urban industrial land, and changes in the Malmquist index from 2003 to 2009 in China. First, we selected urban industrial land, urban industrial capital, employed persons in the urban industry and gross urban industrial output as input-output indices to investigate the productive efficiency of urban industrial land in 29 provinces from 2008-2009. Second, we analyzed time series data for the 29 provinces from 2003-2009 using the Malmquist index. We found that the productive efficiency of urban industrial land is generally low while only Beijing, Tianjin, Guangdong, Hainan have remained high. Pure technical efficiency in most cities is low and is the main factor affecting productive efficiency; mid- and western China lag behind the east. Scale efficiency of urban industrial land is decreasing in many cities, however many western cities are increasing in scale. The Malmquist index of many cities is increasing, and the speed in western China is remarkably higher than elsewhere in the country. We suggest injecting more science and technology into land use for urban industry, paying more attention to scale efficiency and pure efficiency, and making proper use of urban industrial resources. Accelerating industrial upgrades, increasing science and technology investment, carrying out intensive land policy, and optimizing the scale of urban industrial land will be central to improving the efficiency of urban industrial land.