自然资源开发与区域经济增长的收敛效应——对环鄂尔多斯区域增长模式的考察

The Economic Convergence Effect of Natural Resource Exploitation on Ordos Regional Economic Growth

为了探究自然资源开发对区域经济增长的收敛效应,本文首先利用系统GMM方法考察了环鄂尔多斯区域自然资源开发与区域经济增长的关系,结果显示:环鄂尔多斯区域自然资源开发对区域经济增长的影响因子为0.412,且在1%水平上显著;其次,利用动态面板数据方法检验了环鄂尔多斯区域自然资源开发与区域经济收敛的关系,检验结果显示:自然资源开发使得环鄂尔多斯区域的经济增长速度相比东部地区增加了约2.7个百分点,相比于环渤海湾地区增加了约2.2个百分点,相比于珠三角地区增加了约2.8个百分点,相比于长三角地区增加了约2.4个百分点;最后,利用双重差分法分析了自然资源开发影响环鄂尔多斯区域经济收敛的渠道,分析结果表明:自然资源开发促进环鄂尔多斯区域经济增长的动力主要是资本投入的不断增加,尤其是固定资产投资的增长,而区域内教育、科技以及对外开放度等因素的推动作用却没有得到充分发挥。因此本文建议环鄂尔多斯区域在进一步推动自然资源开发战略实施的同时,要更多关注经济增长质量,加大人力资本投资和区域经济环境改善。

The Ordos area has become a strategic replacement area and energy passageway in China. Per capita GDP of Ordos in 2010 was about five times that in 2000. In order to study the economic convergence effect of natural resource exploitation on regional economic growth, we examined the relationship between these using the system GMM method. The result shows the impact factor of natural resource exploitation in the Ordos area is 0.412. After the introduction of variables including fixed investments, traffic infrastructure investment and investment in human capital, there remained a positive correlation between natural resource exploration and regional economic development. The economic growth rate of Ordos is 2.7% faster than eastern China, 2.2% faster than the Circum-Bohai-Sea region, 2.8% faster than the Pearl River Delta, and 2.4% faster than the Yangtze River Delta. These results show that natural resource development has narrowed the gap between the Ordos area and eastern China, but the investment-driven growth mode of Ordos area should be changed. Further analysis showed that the driving force of economic growth in the Ordos area is mainly the increase in capital investment, especially the increase in investment in fixed assets. Whereas the promotion role of education, science, technology and international exchange in the Ordos area is not fully optimized. Natural resource development should be advanced in this region, but the government should pay more attention to the quality of economic growth, investment in human capital and improvement in the economic environment. These measures will guarantee the sustainable economic growth of the Ordos area.