马尔库什对马克思“人的本质”概念的解读

Markus’Reading on Marx’s Concept of“Human Essence”

20世纪60年代,马尔库什出版了《马克思主义与人类学》一书,试图对马克思理论作出人道主义解读。全书围绕"人的本质"概念展开,从三个方面分析了这一概念的内涵。一是以劳动为切入点,说明人是普遍的自然存在。二是通过对社会性和意识以及体现在其中的普遍性的探讨,说明人是社会的、有意识的存在。三是指出人的本质具有历史性以及人的本质只有在人与社会的辩证统一中才能不断实现。

In 1960s, George Markus publishes his book Marxism and Anthropology, trying to read Marxism as a kind of humanism. Based on Marx＇s concept of ＂human essence＂, his argument contains three aspects. Firstly, it claims that human being is universal and natural, due to the fact that labor is their main feature compared with animals. Secondly, it demonstrates that human being is social and conscious, according to Markus＇ exploration into sociality and consciousness in which universality is embodied. Thirdly, it indicates that human essence is historical and it can be realized only in the dialectical movement of individual and society.